Concentración sucesivas de compuestos fenólicos de la Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) y su contribución a la capacidad antioxidante
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Se realizaron cuatro concentraciones sucesivas de extractos de yerba mate a 30, 50 y 70 °C, agregando yerba mate nueva al inicio de cada concentración. Se evaluó el contenido de compuestos fenólicos totales (CFT) con el método de Folin-Ciocalteu y la capacidad antioxidante (CAO) con el ensayo del radical libre DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). Nuestros resultados mostraron que el CFT se incrementó significativamente con el aumento de la temperatura, mientras que la CAO disminuyó (p<0.05). El CFT extraído fue máximo a 70 °C, obteniéndose un valor de 38,06 ± 1,56 g EAG/L, y para 30 °C se obtuvo 25,50 ± 0,14 g EAG/L. La CAO mostró una tendencia decreciente con el aumento de la temperatura, obteniéndose valores desde 94,39 ± 0,65 g EAA/L para 30 °C, hasta 52,53 ± 0,09 g EAA/L para 70 °C. En los extractos concentrados cuatro veces los valores fueron (39,33 ± 6,71) % (CFT) y (28,48 ± 0,99) % (CAO), superiores que en los extractos sin concentrar. Concluimos que la técnica de extracciones sucesivas proporciona, al aumentar el número de extracciones, una forma eficaz de producir extractos ricos en polifenoles y alta capacidad antioxidante usando temperaturas moderadas durante el proceso de extracción, evitando la degradación térmica del extracto.
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Aceptado 2024-08-01
Publicado 2024-12-10
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