Cinética de extracción acuosa de compuestos fenólicos a partir de hojas de yerba mate elaborada
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En este trabajo se evaluó la cinética de extracción acuosa de los compuestos fenólicos de las hojas de yerba mate. La extracción se realizó en un rango de temperatura entre 40°C y 70°C a una relación de 25 g de hojas de yerba mate en 200 mL de agua. Los modelos cinéticos estudiados incluyeron pseudo primer orden, segundo orden y difusivo de segundo orden, evaluando la bondad del ajuste mediante los valores del coeficiente de determinación (R2), error porcentual (EP%) y la raíz cuadrada del error medio cuadrático (RMSE). Se encontró que el modelo de segundo orden describió adecuadamente el proceso de extracción en las condiciones planteadas, mientras que mejor ajuste se obtuvo con el modelo difusivo de segundo orden (R2=0,97 a 0,99; RMSE= 0,08 a 0,17; EP%=0,8 a 2,2). Este modelo suministró importante información del proceso inicial de extracción. La temperatura influyó en los parámetros cinéticos, sin embargo, la concentración final de equilibrio de compuestos fenólicos no se vio afectada por la misma. Los resultados de este trabajo permiten obtener un mayor conocimiento global acerca de los tiempos y temperaturas para las mejoras en las velocidades de extracción y consumos de energía durante la industrialización de estos compuestos.
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