Alteraciones genéticas y epi-genéticas del gen PTEN: clave en la relación entre diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y cáncer
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La patogenia del cáncer ha sido asociada con alteraciones genéticas y epigenéticas que pueden llevar a la inactivación o subexpresión de genes supresores de tumores, como el gen PTEN. Las alteraciones en las vías de señalización de PI3K/PTEN están relacionadas con anomalías asociadas a diabetes, síndrome metabólico, obesidad y enfermedades cardiovasculares. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar, si la expresión alterada (subexpresión/sobreexpresión) del gen PTEN, la deleción de 32 pb y la metilación del promotor, se asocian con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) y el desarrollo de cáncer. Las muestras de sangre periféricas se obtuvieron de un total de 70 pacientes de ambos sexos: 40 pacientes con DMT2 y 30 pacientes con DMT2 y cáncer (DMT2+C). En este trabajo novedoso, se reporta la sobreexpresión de PTEN en DMT2. Observamos que la expresión de PTEN es más alta en pacientes con DMT2 que en individuos sanos y marcadamente menor en pacientes con DMT2+C, en comparación con los pacientes diabéticos sin neoplasias. La hipermetilación del promotor de PTEN es más frecuente en pacientes con DMT2 y cancer. Las alteraciones genéticas y epigenéticas en el gen PTEN podría ser clave en la relación existente entre diabetes y el desarrollo de cancer.
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Aceptado 2021-10-15
Publicado 2022-05-16
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