Propuesta metodológica para el aislamiento de hongos a partir de raíces almacenadoras de Manihot esculenta Crantz con síntomas de pudrición Method for Isolating Fungi from Cassava Root Rot
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Resumen
La mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) es un alimento básico para millones de personas en todo el mundo, principalmente debido a sus raíces almacenadoras comestibles. Sin embargo, dichas raíces son susceptibles a la Pudrición Radical de la Mandioca (PRM), enfermedad causada frecuentemente por hongos (Fusarium, Lasiodiplodia o Phytophthora), que es una amenaza para la seguridad alimentaria en regiones tropicales y subtropicales. Una identificación precisa de los microorganismos involucrados es fundamental para mejor comprensión de la PRM. En este sentido, los métodos convencionales de aislamiento de microorganismos a partir de raíces enfermas, en particular hongos, presentan ciertas limitaciones. Por ejemplo, una incompleta esterilización superficial de las muestras puede conducir al aislamiento de colonias fúngicas no axénicas. En este trabajo, se propone una metodología modificada, que incorpora un paso de remoción de partículas superficiales y controles de esterilidad que permiten validar la eficacia de esta etapa. Nuestro método mejoró significativamente el aislamiento de colonias fúngicas axénicas a partir de raíces con síntomas de PRM en comparación con las técnicas tradicionales en tres medios de cultivo distintos. De 60 muestras procesadas por cada método, la metodología propuesta logró un porcentaje estadísticamente superior de colonias fúngicas axénicas (88.3%) en comparación con el enfoque tradicional (30%). A pesar de que el método propuesto facilitó el aislamiento microbiológico, se requiere una validación adicional para evaluar su robustez frente a distintos patógenos y condiciones ambientales.
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Aceptado 2025-05-03
Publicado 2025-06-23
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