Efectos de los microplásticos en el medio ambiente: Un macroproblema emergente
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Como material liviano, duradero, versátil y potencialmente transparente, los plásticos son ideales para una variedad de aplicaciones. Sin embargo, se producen alrededor de 300 millones de toneladas de plástico por año, de las cuales 13 millones llegan a ríos y océanos lo que puede causar daños irreparables a esos ecosistemas y afectar organismos con capacidad limitada de adaptación. Se estima que hasta el momento se han producido 8300 millones de toneladas métricas (TM) de plástico, de las cuales 6300 TM se han transformado en desechos a partir de 2015, y solo el 9% fueron reciclados. El riesgo que pueden representar los microplásticos para la salud humana aún no es un problema definido, pero existen numerosas evidencias de los impactos negativos del plástico y sus desechos, los microplásticos y nanoplásticos, ingeridos por organismos de diversos ecosistemas. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue llevar a cabo una investigación bibliográfica sobre el estado actual del conocimiento sobre los microplásticos y sus impactos en el medio ambiente, especialmente en ambientes acuáticos.
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Aceptado 2020-03-16
Publicado 2020-06-25
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